玻(bo)璃鋼(gang)(FRP)亦稱作GFRP,即纖維(wei)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)塑料,一般指用玻(bo)璃纖維(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)不(bu)飽和聚酯、環(huan)氧樹脂與酚醛樹脂基體。以玻(bo)璃纖維(wei)或(huo)其制品作增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)材料的增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)塑料,稱謂為(wei)玻(bo)璃纖維(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)塑料,或(huo)稱為(wei)玻(bo)璃鋼(gang),不(bu)同于鋼(gang)化(hua)玻(bo)璃。
由于所使(shi)用(yong)的(de)樹脂品種不同,因此有聚(ju)酯玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)鋼、環氧玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)鋼、酚醛(quan)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)鋼之(zhi)別。質(zhi)輕而(er)硬,不導電,性能穩(wen)定,機械強度高,回收利用(yong)少,耐(nai)腐蝕。可以(yi)代(dai)替鋼材制(zhi)造機器零件和(he)汽車、船(chuan)舶(bo)外殼(ke)等。
玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼學名纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao),俗稱FRP(Fiber Reinforced Plastics),即纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)復合(he)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)。根(gen)據采用(yong)的(de)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)不同分為玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)復合(he)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(GFRP),碳纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)復合(he)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(CFRP),硼纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)復合(he)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)等。它是(shi)以(yi)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)及其制(zhi)品(玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)布、帶(dai)、氈、紗等)作為增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao),以(yi)合(he)成樹(shu)脂作基體材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)一種復合(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)復合(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)由增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)基體組成。纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(或晶須)的(de)直徑很小,一般(ban)在10μm以(yi)下,缺陷較少又較小,斷(duan)裂應(ying)變(bian)(bian)約為千分之(zhi)三十以(yi)內,是(shi)脆性材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao),易(yi)損傷、斷(duan)裂和(he)(he)受(shou)到腐蝕。基體相對于纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)來說,強(qiang)(qiang)度、模(mo)量都要低很多,但可以(yi)經受(shou)住大(da)的(de)應(ying)變(bian)(bian),往往具有粘(zhan)彈性和(he)(he)彈塑(su)(su)性,是(shi)韌(ren)性材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。